9:15CH 7 · The Tool Kit
The tool kit.
Enzymes aren’t alive. Each one is a protein built to cut one kind of bond, which makes them less critter, more tool: no faces, no feelings, very sharp.

Hang them up
The pegboard
Pick a tool off the hook and cut something on its workbench.
No. 01Protease
ScissorsProteins → Short pieces and single amino acids
No. 02Amylase
PickaxeStarch → Maltose and other short sugars
No. 03Lipase
Pizza cutterFats (triglycerides) → Fatty acids and monoglycerides
No. 04Lactase
Can openerLactose, the sugar in milk → Glucose and galactose
No. 05Alpha-galactosidase
WrenchRaffinose and stachyose, the sugars in beans → Galactose and sucrose
No. 06Bromelain
PineappleProteins → Shorter protein pieces
No. 07Papain
PapayaProteins → Shorter protein pieces
No. 08Bile
Bubble wand · not an enzymeBig blobs of fat → Tiny droplets (nothing gets cut)
Lunch tray
Which tool for which food?
Pick a food and send it down. One of them gets no tool at all, and that’s the interesting one.
Pick a food from the tray. The right tool will clock in.
The fine print
Who cuts what
| Tool | Cuts | Into | Made by |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proteins | Short pieces and single amino acids | Your stomach (pepsin) and your pancreas (trypsin, chymotrypsin and friends). | |
| Starch | Maltose and other short sugars | Your salivary glands and your pancreas. | |
| Fats (triglycerides) | Fatty acids and monoglycerides | Mostly your pancreas. | |
| Lactose, the sugar in milk | Glucose and galactose | The lining of your small intestine. | |
| Raffinose and stachyose, the sugars in beans | Galactose and sucrose | Not you. Microbes make it, and some supplements carry it. | |
| Proteins | Shorter protein pieces | Pineapples, especially the stem. | |
| Proteins | Shorter protein pieces | Papayas, especially the milky sap of unripe fruit. | |
| Big blobs of fat | Tiny droplets (nothing gets cut) | Your liver makes it; your gallbladder stores it. |
Far-out fact
Enzymes aren’t alive. Each one is a protein shaped to cut one kind of bond.
Bile hangs with the tools, but it isn’t an enzyme at all. It’s a soap.
AnnouncerNo tool on this channel has handles, a face or union representation. They’re proteins. They don’t mind.
Coming up next on Channel GG
Protease
Snips proteins into amino acids.
